SUPARCO Forecasts Ramadan and Eid ul-Fitr 2025 Dates

As the holy month of Ramadan approaches, the Pakistan Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) has released its forecast for the commencement of Ramadan and Eid ul-Fitr in 2025. Based on precise astronomical calculations and scientific assessments, SUPARCO provides insights into the expected dates for these significant Islamic events.

Graph shows scientific assessments and astronomical calculations about possibilities of Ramadan moon sighting on February 28, 2025. — Suparco

Graph shows scientific assessments and astronomical calculations about possibilities of Eid ul Fitr moon sighting on March 30, 2025. — Suparco

Ramadan 2025: Expected Start Date

According to SUPARCO, the new moon marking the beginning of Ramadan is expected to occur on February 28, 2025, at 5:45 PM Pakistan Standard Time (PST). However, the visibility of the crescent moon on this date is highly unlikely due to several astronomical factors. The moon's age at sunset would be approximately 12 hours, with an angular separation from the sun of about 7 degrees and an altitude of around 5 degrees. These parameters suggest that the crescent will not be visible to the naked eye or even with optical aids on February 28. Consequently, it is anticipated that the month of Sha'ban will complete 30 days, and the first day of fasting for Ramadan in Pakistan is likely to be observed on March 2, 2025.

Eid ul-Fitr 2025: Anticipated Date

SUPARCO's analysis also extends to the sighting of the Shawwal moon, which signifies the end of Ramadan and the celebration of Eid ul-Fitr. The new moon for Shawwal is expected to occur on March 30, 2025. Given the moon's position and visibility factors, it is projected that the crescent will be visible on this date, leading to the celebration of Eid ul-Fitr in Pakistan on March 31, 2025.

Regional Variations in Moon Sighting

It's important to note that moon sighting can vary based on geographical location and atmospheric conditions. While Pakistan is expected to commence Ramadan on March 2, 2025, other countries may observe different dates. For instance, in Saudi Arabia, the new moon is also expected to occur on February 28, 2025. However, due to differences in the moon's position relative to the horizon and atmospheric clarity, the crescent may be visible in Saudi Arabia on this date, leading to the commencement of Ramadan there on March 1, 2025.

Official Confirmation

While SUPARCO provides scientific forecasts based on astronomical data, the official commencement of Ramadan and Eid ul-Fitr in Pakistan is determined by the Central Ruet-e-Hilal Committee. This committee is responsible for the official moon sighting and will examine testimonies from across the country to make a formal announcement regarding the start of Ramadan. Therefore, while the scientific predictions offer guidance, the official dates may vary based on actual moon sighting reports.

Cultural Significance of Ramadan in Pakistan

Ramadan holds profound cultural and religious significance in Pakistan. During this holy month, Muslims across the country engage in fasting from dawn till sunset, increased prayers, and acts of charity. Communities come together to share meals during Suhoor (pre-dawn meal) and Iftar (meal to break the fast at sunset). The month is also marked by a heightened sense of spirituality, with many attending special nightly prayers known as Taraweeh. Markets and streets are often adorned with lights, and there is a noticeable increase in charitable activities, with many individuals and organizations providing food and assistance to those in need.

Conclusion

In summary, based on SUPARCO's scientific assessments, Ramadan in Pakistan is expected to begin on March 2, 2025, with Eid ul-Fitr likely to be celebrated on March 31, 2025. These dates are subject to official confirmation by the Central Ruet-e-Hilal Committee, which will base its decision on the actual sighting of the moon. As the nation prepares for this sacred period, these forecasts assist in planning and observance of the upcoming holy month.

Written by: Ali Abdullah (Punjab University)